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Class 10 Science Exam Prep: Top 100 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

  1. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  2. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  3. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.
  4. What is the process of digestion in plants?
    Answer: Digestion in plants involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and used for energy and growth.
  5. What is the process of excretion in plants?
    Answer: Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body, typically through the kidneys and urinary system.
  6. What is the process of reproduction in plants?
    Answer: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, typically through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote.
  7. What is the process of meiosis in plants?
    Answer: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  8. What is the process of mitosis in plants?
    Answer: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  9. What is the process of cellular respiration in plants?
    Answer: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  10. What is the process of combustion in plants?
    Answer: Combustion is the process of burning, which involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel, releasing heat and often light.
  11. What is the process of osmosis in plants?
    Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
  12. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  13. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  14. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.
  15. What is the process of digestion in plants?
    Answer: Digestion in plants involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and used for energy and growth.
  16. What is the process of excretion in plants?
    Answer: Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body, typically through the kidneys and urinary system.
  17. What is the process of reproduction in plants?
    Answer: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, typically through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote.
  18. What is the process of meiosis in plants?
    Answer: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  19. What is the process of mitosis in plants?
    Answer: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  20. What is the process of cellular respiration in plants?
    Answer: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  21. What is the process of combustion in plants?
    Answer: Combustion is the process of burning, which involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel, releasing heat and often light.
  22. What is the process of osmosis in plants?
    Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
  23. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  24. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  25. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.
  26. What is the process of digestion in plants?
    Answer: Digestion in plants involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and used for energy and growth.
  27. What is the process of excretion in plants?
    Answer: Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body, typically through the kidneys and urinary system.
  28. What is the process of reproduction in plants?
    Answer: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, typically through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote.
  29. What is the process of meiosis in plants?
    Answer: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  30. What is the process of mitosis in plants?
    Answer: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells,

  1. What is the function of the envelope in a viral particle?
    Answer: The envelope is responsible for aiding in attachment to host cells and protecting the viral genetic material.
  2. What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic cycle in viral replication?
    Answer: The lytic cycle involves the immediate replication and destruction of host cells, while the lysogenic cycle involves the integration of viral genetic material into the host cell’s DNA.
  3. What is the function of the capsule in a bacterial cell?
    Answer: The capsule is responsible for protecting the bacterial cell from the host’s immune system.
  4. What is the difference between a vector and a host in the context of disease transmission?
    Answer: A vector is an organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another, while a host is an organism that is infected with a pathogen.
  5. What is the function of the plasmid in a bacterial cell?
    Answer: The plasmid is responsible for carrying extra genetic material in a bacterial cell.
  6. What is the difference between a gram-positive and gram-negative bacterium?
    Answer: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall and stain purple, while gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall and stain pink.
  7. What is the function of the pili in a bacterial cell?
    Answer: Pili are responsible for attaching the bacterial cell to surfaces and other cells.
  8. What is the difference between a stem cell and a differentiated cell?
    Answer: Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into different cell types, while differentiated cells have already specialized into a specific cell type.
  9. What is the function of the cilia in a cell?
    Answer: Cilia are responsible for moving substances across the surface of the cell.
  10. What is the difference between a mutation and a genetic disorder?
    Answer: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence, while a genetic disorder is a condition caused by a mutation or abnormality in the genetic material.
  11. What is the function of the spindle fibers in a cell?
    Answer: Spindle fibers are responsible for separating the chromosomes during cell division.
  12. What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?
    Answer: A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid, while an anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that pairs with a codon on the mRNA.
  13. What is the function of the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell?
    Answer: The nucleoid is responsible for containing the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell.
  14. What is the difference between a bacterium and a virus?
    Answer: Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce on their own, while viruses are non-living particles that require a host cell to reproduce.
  15. What is the function of the flagella in a cell?
    Answer: Flagella are responsible for movement in some cells.
  16. What is the difference between a pathogen and a non-pathogen?
    Answer: A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease, while a non-pathogen is a microorganism that does not cause disease.
  17. What is the function of the capsule in a viral particle?
    Answer: The capsule is responsible for protecting the viral genetic material and aiding in attachment to host cells.
  18. What is the difference between a vaccine and an antibiotic?
    Answer: A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen, while an antibiotic is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.
  19. What is the function of the nucleolus in a cell?
    Answer: The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomes.
  20. What is the difference between a zygote and embryo?
    Answer: A zygote is a fertilized egg, while an embryo is a developing organism in the early stages of development.
  21. What is the function of the centrioles in a cell?
    Answer: Centrioles are responsible for organizing the microtubules during cell division.
  22. What is the difference between a diploid and haploid cell?
    Answer: A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes, while a haploid cell contains only one set.
  23. What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?
    Answer: The vacuole is responsible for storing water, nutrients, and waste products.
  24. What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype?
    Answer: A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a particular gene, while a heterozygous genotype has two different alleles.
  25. What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
    Answer: The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.
  26. What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
    Answer: A genotype refers to an individual’s genetic makeup, while a phenotype refers to an individual’s observable traits.
  27. What is the function of the cell membrane in a cell?
    Answer: The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
  28. What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
    Answer: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait, while an allele is a variant form of a gene.
  29. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
    Answer: The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for synthesizing and modifying proteins and lipids.
  30. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
    Answer: Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a nucleus.
  31. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
    Answer: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport.
  32. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
    Answer: Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a nucleus.
  33. What is the function of the ribosomes in a cell?
    Answer: Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins.
  34. What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
    Answer: Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the involvement of gametes, while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes to produce offspring.
  35. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  36. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  37. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.
  38. What is the process of digestion in plants?
    Answer: Digestion in plants involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and used for energy and growth.
  39. What is the process of excretion in plants?
    Answer: Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body, typically through the kidneys and urinary system.
  40. What is the process of reproduction in plants?
    Answer: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, typically through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote.
  41. What is the process of meiosis in plants?
    Answer: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  42. What is the process of mitosis in plants?
    Answer: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  43. What is the process of cellular respiration in plants?
    Answer: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  44. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  45. What is the process of osmosis in plants?
    Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
  46. What is the process of combustion in plants?
    Answer: Combustion is the process of burning, which involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel, releasing heat and often light.
  47. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  48. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.
  49. What is the process of digestion in plants?
    Answer: Digestion in plants involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and used for energy and growth.
  50. What is the process of excretion in plants?
    Answer: Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body, typically through the kidneys and urinary system.
  51. What is the process of reproduction in plants?
    Answer: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, typically through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote.
  52. What is the process of meiosis in plants?
    Answer: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  53. What is the process of mitosis in plants?
    Answer: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  54. What is the process of cellular respiration in plants?
    Answer: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  55. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  56. What is the process of osmosis in plants?
    Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
  57. What is the process of combustion in plants?
    Answer: Combustion is the process of burning, which involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel, releasing heat and often light.
  58. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  59. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.
  60. What is the process of digestion in plants?
    Answer: Digestion in plants involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and used for energy and growth.
  61. What is the process of excretion in plants?
    Answer: Excretion is the process by which waste products are removed from the body, typically through the kidneys and urinary system.
  62. What is the process of reproduction in plants?
    Answer: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, typically through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote.
  63. What is the process of meiosis in plants?
    Answer: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  64. What is the process of mitosis in plants?
    Answer: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
  65. What is the process of cellular respiration in plants?
    Answer: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  66. What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
    Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
  67. What is the process of osmosis in plants?
    Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
  68. What is the process of combustion in plants?
    Answer: Combustion is the process of burning, which involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel, releasing heat and often light.
  69. What is the process of respiration in plants?
    Answer: Respiration is the process by which cells convert food into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
  70. What is the process of transpiration in plants?
    Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by the roots of a plant and transported to the leaves, where it is released as vapor.